On the morning of 14 March 2010, a press conference of the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People. At the invitation of Mr. Li Zhaoxing, spokesman of the NPC Session, Mr. Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council, met journalists from home and abroad and answered their questions.
記者會(huì)開始時(shí)，溫家寶說(shuō)：記者朋友們，大家好。過(guò)去的兩年我們是在極其困難條件下走過(guò)來(lái)的。人民用堅(jiān)實(shí)的步伐走過(guò)了不平坦的道路，這將會(huì)在歷史上留下印跡。今后幾年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充滿荊棘。我們應(yīng)該記住這樣一條古訓(xùn)：行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈、麻痹和動(dòng)搖。
Premier Wen Jiabao's opening remarks: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, friends of the press. Under very tough circumstances, we have covered an eventful course in the past two years. The Chinese people have gone through an extraordinary journey with solid steps. It will leave an imprint in the annals of history. The road ahead is not a smooth one. It may be full of twists and turns. But We should always remember this important thing, that is "Half of the people who have embarked on the 100 journey may fall by the wayside". This means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest. And we must not waver in our resolve.
同時(shí)我們要堅(jiān)定信心。華山再高，頂有過(guò)路。解決困難唯一的辦法、出路和希望，在于我們自己的努力。我深深愛著我的國(guó)家。沒有一片土地讓我這樣深情和激動(dòng)，沒有一條河流讓我這樣沉思和起伏。亦余心之所善兮，雖九死其猶未悔。我將以此明志，做好今后三年的工作?，F(xiàn)在我愿意回答大家的問(wèn)題。
We must reinforce our confidence. "No matter how high the mountain is, one can always ascend to its top". In the face of various difficulties, our only answer, only solution and only hope lie in the efforts of ourselves. I have deep love for this country. I love every inch of its land. I love every river that flows on this peace of earth, with deep passion and deep affection. "For the ideal that I hold dear to my heart, I'd not regret even a thousand deaths to die." With this strong commitment, I will contiune to devote myself to my work in my next three years. Now I'm ready for your questions.
Financial Times: Good morning, Premier Wen. Jefta from Financial Times. I'd like to ask a question about China's currency policy. The economy is now growing very strongly in China. You've recovered very quickly. And the inflation is now rising almost close to the 3% target you set for the year. So regardless of pressure and comments from other countries, isn't it now in China's interest to begin appreciating your currency? Thank you.
英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》記者：我想問(wèn)一個(gè)有關(guān)中國(guó)貨幣政策的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度很快，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速實(shí)現(xiàn)企穩(wěn)回升，中國(guó)的通貨膨脹也在上漲，幾乎已經(jīng)達(dá)到了您在政府工作報(bào)告中定下的今年通脹保持在3%左右的目標(biāo)。不管外界給中國(guó)什么樣的壓力或者對(duì)中國(guó)的貨幣政策作出什么評(píng)論，我想問(wèn)，讓人民幣升值難道不是符合中國(guó)自身利益的一件事嗎？
溫家寶：第一，我認(rèn)為人民幣的幣值沒有低估。讓我們看一組數(shù)據(jù)：我們統(tǒng)計(jì)了去年37個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)中國(guó)的出口情況，其中有16個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)中國(guó)的出口是增長(zhǎng)的。就是歐盟地區(qū)，出口總體下降20.3%，但是對(duì)中國(guó)的出口只下降15.3%(1.53%)。我舉一個(gè)德國(guó)的例子，那就是去年德國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的出口多達(dá)760億歐元，創(chuàng)歷史最高。美國(guó)去年出口下降17%，但是對(duì)中國(guó)的出口僅下降0.22%。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為周邊國(guó)家包括日本、韓國(guó)的主要出口市場(chǎng)，也成為歐美的重要出口市場(chǎng)。
Premier: First I don't think the RMB has depreciated. Let's take a look at a set of figures here. We did a survey of exports of 37 countries in the world towards China last year. Sixteen out of the 37 countries exports more goods to China. Talking about the European area where this journalist comes from, on the whole, exports of European countries have decrease by 20.3%, yet its exports to China only fell by 15.3%(1.53%). Last year, Germany's exports to China reached €76 billion, reaching a historical high. And last year, exports of the United States dropped by 17%, but its exports to China only declined by 0.22%. From this we can see, China has become an important export market for its neighboring countries, including Japan and the ROK. It is also a major export market for European countries and the United States.
第二，在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)和蔓延期間，人民幣匯率保持基本穩(wěn)定對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革是從2005年7月份開始的，到現(xiàn)在人民幣的幣值對(duì)美元升值21%，實(shí)際有效匯率升值16%。我這里特別強(qiáng)調(diào)指出，就是2008年7月到2009年2月，也就是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)極為困難的時(shí)期，人民幣并沒有貶值，而實(shí)際有效匯率升值14.5%。在這期間，2009年，我們的外貿(mào)出口下降了16%，但是進(jìn)口只降低了11%，順差減少了1020億美元。人民幣匯率在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)蔓延中基本穩(wěn)定，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇起了促進(jìn)的作用。
Second, since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, we have made strong efforts to keep RMB exchange rate at a stable level. This has played an important role in facilitating the recovery in the global economy. We have started to reform the RMB exchange rate regime from July 2005. And since then RMB has appreciated by 21% against the US dollar. The real effective exchange rate of RMB rose by 16%. Here I would like to point out that between July 2008 and February 2009 in the midst of raging economic crisis, the RMB did not devalue. Actually the real effective exchange rate of RMB rose by 14.5%. In 2009, our exports dropped by 16%, but our imports only declined by 11%. And China's trade surplus declined by US$102 billion. A stable RMB exchange rate level in the midst of the international financial crisis has played an important role in promotiong a recovery in the global economy.
第三，一國(guó)的匯率是由一國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)決定的，匯率的變動(dòng)也是由經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合情況決定的。我們主張自由貿(mào)易，因?yàn)樽杂少Q(mào)易不僅使經(jīng)濟(jì)像活水一樣流動(dòng)，而且給人們帶來(lái)福祉與和平。
Third, the exchange rate policy of a country is decided by this country's economic conditions. Any change in the exchange rate policy is responsive to the overall situation of the economy of our country. We call for free trade, because we are of the view that free trade will help keep the economy going and will also bring peace and harmony to the people.
我們反對(duì)各國(guó)之間相互指責(zé)，甚至用強(qiáng)制的辦法來(lái)迫使一國(guó)的匯率升值，因?yàn)檫@樣做反而不利于人民幣匯率的改革。在貿(mào)易問(wèn)題上，我們主張協(xié)商，通過(guò)平等協(xié)商總會(huì)找到共贏或者多贏的渠道。
We are opposed to the practice of engaging in mutual finger-pointing among countries, or taking strong measures to force other countries to appreciate their currencies, because this kind of practices is not in the interest of the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime. On trade issues, we have always maintained that trade disputes should be resolved through consultations. And we believe that equal consultations will always lead to a win-win or all-win solution.
第四，人民幣將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持以市場(chǎng)供求為目的、有管理的浮動(dòng)匯率制度，我們將進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制的改革，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。
Fourth, we will continue to implement a managed, market-based and floating exchange rate regime. We will continue to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and keep RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.
新華社記者：總理您好，我是新華社記者。國(guó)際貨幣基金組織不久前對(duì)今明兩年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都作出了比較樂(lè)觀的預(yù)測(cè)，但是不少經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家卻對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，認(rèn)為都存在二次探底的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，甚至認(rèn)為這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不可避免。而您在剛剛通過(guò)的政府工作報(bào)告中也用“極為復(fù)雜”四個(gè)字來(lái)形容今年我們面臨的形勢(shì)，請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，您怎么看輿論的這種擔(dān)心？中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將如何避免出現(xiàn)二次探底的情況？經(jīng)濟(jì)的形勢(shì)“極為復(fù)雜”，復(fù)雜在哪里？
Xinhua News Agency: With Xinhua News Agency. The International Monetary Fund has made quite optimistic forecasts of the world economy and China's economy this year and the next year. However, some economists believe that both the world economy and China's economy face the risk of a double-dip. They even hold the view that a double-dip is not avoidable. You said in your report on the work of the government that this year will be very complicated for the Chinese economy. I would like to get your perspective on the worries from the public. What will the Chinese government do to avert the risk of a double-dip? And why this year is going to be the most complicated year for China?
溫家寶：形勢(shì)復(fù)雜，復(fù)雜在不確定因素多。我認(rèn)為，雖然世界經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)整體復(fù)蘇的形勢(shì)，但世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要矛盾和問(wèn)題并沒有完全消除。一些主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體失業(yè)率居高不下，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)還在暴露，金融和財(cái)政還存?
