小編整理了大家在外貿(mào)開發(fā)信中可能會使用到的英文單詞或短語，讓大家在用英文郵件和客戶溝通新冠肺炎疫情時(shí)可以顯得更加專業(yè)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。（部分內(nèi)容來自中國翻譯研究院，供業(yè)界及相關(guān)人員參考使用）
疫病名稱
coronavirus 新型冠狀病毒
COVID-19 2019冠狀病毒病
SARS-CoV-2 嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒2
pneumonia 肺炎
NCP (Novel coronavirus pneumonia) 新型冠狀病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎英文簡稱）
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征（非典）
severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) 嚴(yán)重急性呼吸道感染
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 中東呼吸綜合征
傳染防控
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) 國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件
pandemic 全球大流行
COVID-19 pandemic 冠狀病毒病全球大流行
outbreak 疫情大爆發(fā)
Coronavirus outbreak 冠狀病毒病爆發(fā)
epicenter 疫情中心
human-to-human transmission 或 person-to-person transmission人傳人
vaccine 疫苗
affected area 疫區(qū)
quarantine 隔離 (under quarantine 或者 someone is quarantined)
incubation period 潛伏期
Coronavirus can lie dormant for 14 days 新型冠狀病毒肺炎有14天的潛伏期
confirmed case 確診病例
suspected case 疑似病例
patient in critical condition 重癥患者
close contact 密切接觸者
be under medical observation 接受醫(yī)院觀察
droplet transmission 飛沫傳播
fatality rate 病死率
death toll 死亡總數(shù)
epidemic prevention and control 疫情防控
imported case 輸入性病例
secondary infection case 二代病例
asymptomatic infection 隱性感染
clinical tests 臨床檢驗(yàn)
isolation ward 隔離病房
observation ward 觀察室
fecal-oral transmission 糞口傳播
prevention and control of the virus 防疫
direct contact 直接接觸
indirect contact 間接接觸
to monitor body temperature 監(jiān)測體溫
to check body temperature 體溫檢測
to quarantine yourself in your home / self-monitored quarantine 自我隔離
to wear a mask 戴口罩
to wash your hands often / carefully 勤洗手/仔細(xì)洗手
disinfection 消毒
avoid crowds 避免去人多的地方
器具名稱
face mask / facial mask / facemask / mask 口罩
N95 mask/respirator N95口罩
surgical mask 醫(yī)用外科口罩
disposable gloves 一次性手套
protective clothing / suits 防護(hù)服
goggles 護(hù)目鏡
infrared thermometer 紅外體溫測量儀
thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring 體溫檢測熱像儀
diagnostic tool / kit 診斷器具
disinfectant / antiseptic solution 消毒液
disinfectant / antiseptic wipes 消毒濕巾
alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer 含酒精洗手液
protective suit 防護(hù)服
negative pressure ambulance 負(fù)壓救護(hù)車
medical supplies 醫(yī)療物資
urgently needed materials 緊缺物資
政策舉措
the lockdown of a city / a city is on lockdown 封城
first-level public health emergency response 重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件一級響應(yīng)
Public Health Emergency of International Concern（PHEIC）國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件
shortage of medical supplies 醫(yī)療物資緊缺
daily necessities 日?；旧钗镔Y
cross-border procurement 跨境采購
to stock up on food 囤積食物
機(jī)構(gòu)、職業(yè)群體和場所名稱
WHO (World Health Organization) 世界衛(wèi)生組織（世衛(wèi)組織）
Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control 中央應(yīng)對新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組（中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組）
National Health Commission （NHC）中國國家衛(wèi)生健康委員會（衛(wèi)健委）
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) 中國疾病預(yù)防控制中（中國疾控中心）
National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) 國家醫(yī)療保障局（國家醫(yī)保局）
medical institution 醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)
health institution 衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)
medical practitioner / healthcare professional 醫(yī)療從業(yè)者
medical personnel / health workforce / health workers 醫(yī)療人員
frontline health workers 一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員
Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS) 鐘南山
designated hospitals 定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院
fever clinic 發(fā)熱門診
intensive care unit (ICU) 重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房
quarantine office 檢疫所
pharmacy / drugstore 藥店
其他表述
遏制
要表達(dá)“遏制”（疫情傳播）可以用contain、stem、halt和curb：
We are confident in our ability to contain the spread of the virus.
In an effort to stem the spread of the virus from its suspected origin, transport bans were instituted in some cities.
People are encouraged to wear masks to halt the spread of the novel coronavirus.
The Government on Monday (Jan 27) announced a slew of further measures to urb the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus in the Republic.
延長假期 / 延期開學(xué)
School return was postponed.
China has extended the Lunar New Year holiday until Sunday; on Tuesday it was announced that the start of the next semester for schools and universities across the country would be postponed.
表示“傳播”的詞有spread、transmit、pass
1. spread、transmit和pass都可作為不及物動詞
Many of the respiratory viruses that spread amongst humans do transmit even in the absence of symptoms, including influenza and other cold viruses. They are carried into the air during normal breathing and talking by the infected person.
It is known that this virus can pass from one to another through close physical contact.
2. spread、transmit和pass也都可作為及物動詞
Other respiratory infections such as measles and influenza can both be spread, without the infected person showing symptoms.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, which means they are transmitted between animals and people.
More and more evidence suggests that it can be passed by droplets that spread face to face by a cough or sneeze directly on the face from one to another as was SARS.
3. spread可以加上ing變成名詞
If symptomless spreading is confirmed, it would not be too surprising.
4. spread本身也可以作為名詞使用
WHO Director-General is confident in China’s ability to control and contain the spread of the virus.
5. 有時(shí)我們也可以用其他詞來形象的表達(dá)，比如：jump
The coronavirus is a zoonotic disease, meaning it jumps from animals to humans.
endemic vs epidemic vs pandemic
endemic、epidemic和pandemic是流行病學(xué)里的三個常見的概念，它們是outbreak的三種類型，我們可以從持續(xù)時(shí)間和影響范圍這兩個方面來區(qū)別。
持續(xù)時(shí)間
endemic持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，比較穩(wěn)定，不會突然消失，表現(xiàn)其特點(diǎn)的英文表達(dá)有：occurs at a predictable rate、remain at a steady state。
epidemic和pandemic一樣，持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，起病快、傳播迅速，但又突然消失，相關(guān)的英文表達(dá)有：rapidly spread、normally spread in two weeks or less。
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影響范圍
endemic影響特定群體或局部地區(qū)，如：in a certain area or among a set population.
epidemic的影響范圍較大，amongst a large number of people in a given population。
pandemic的影響范圍更大，It stretches over a larger area, infects more people and causes more deaths than an epidemic.甚至在全世界范圍內(nèi)流行（worldwide spread）。
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